Neurology

Patients can present with chief complaints and symptoms that differ from the eventual diagnoses. The differences between aetiologies versus complications must be appreciated through careful evaluation and use of clinical investigations, laboratory testing, trial of hypotheses, and clinical gestalt.

Diencephalic syndrome (DS), first described by Russell in 1951, is a rare cause of failure to thrive in infants and young children with preservation of linear growth.

MLD is caused by an accumulation of sulfatides in various organs and predominantly the central nervous system (CNS). Patients have an initial period of normal development, then experience developmental delay or stagnation (Figure 1).

Non-dystrophic myotonias (NDM) are a group of rare muscle disorders with a reported prevalence of 0.75−1.7 per 100,000 population (Figure 1).

Recognising acute stroke symptoms is crucial in providing timely treatment. However, evidence suggests that females often experience unique symptoms compared with males, resulting in delays to seeking medical attention and treatment.

Dysfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) have been proposed as the aetiology for multiple neuropsychiatric diseases. While overactivity of NMDA receptors causing excitotoxicity has been implicated in epilepsy, dementia, and stroke, low activity may produce symptoms resembling those of schizophrenia.

Obesity and increased adipose tissue are linked with inflammation, the driving force behind neurologic disorders like Alzheimer’s disease…

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. It mainly occurs in patients with chronic liver…