RECENT data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging has highlighted the significant link between primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and multimorbidity. POI is defined as the early onset of menopause due to declining ovarian function and is characterised by a cessation or decline of menses as well as postmenopausal levels of follicle stimulating hormone and oestradiol for 12 months before the age of 40.
The research team analysed health data from 12,339 postmenopausal women, of which 374 (3%) had POI and 1,396 (11.3%) experienced early menopause. The findings showed that women with POI had a 64.8% prevalence of multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions), compared to 43.9% in women who experienced menopause at the average age (46–55 years). Even after adjusting for factors like body mass index and smoking, the odds of multimorbidity remained 2.5 times higher in women with POI.
The study also revealed that the prevalence of severe multimorbidity (three or more chronic conditions) was nearly double in the POI group compared to those with an average age of menopause (39.2% vs. 21.1%). Specific conditions linked to POI included ischemic heart disease, with a 2.8-fold increased risk, as well as higher risks for osteoporosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.1) and gastric ulcers (aOR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.3).
These findings underscore the importance of early screening and preventive health measures for women with POI, given their heightened risk for developing multiple chronic health conditions. This research also reinforces the need for tailored healthcare strategies to improve long-term outcomes for these women, as the association between POI and multimorbidity persists even after controlling for key lifestyle and demographic factors.
Abigail Craig, EMJ
Reference
Savukoski SM et al. Excess of severe autoimmune diseases in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a population-based study. Hum Reprod. 2024;DOI:10.1093/humrep/deae213.
