RECENT research into monkeypox (mpox) highlights critical gaps in vaccination coverage and infectious disease preparedness, raising concerns about future outbreaks. A comprehensive review of the virus’s epidemiology and therapeutic strategies emphasizes the importance of strengthening global vaccination programs and surveillance systems. Mpox cases have surged in the past two decades, driven by declining immunity from the now-discontinued smallpox vaccine.
The article underscores the protective role of the smallpox vaccine, which offers some defense against mpox. With smallpox eradicated in 1980, immunity in the general population has diminished, leaving communities vulnerable to mpox outbreaks. The Jynneos (Imvanex/Imvamune) vaccine is now a critical tool in preventing infection, particularly for high-risk groups such as healthcare workers and individuals exposed to confirmed cases.
The 2022 global mpox outbreak exposed significant gaps in infectious disease response. Initially identified in the UK, it spread rapidly across Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas, with over 18,600 cases reported. The outbreak was unique in its transmission patterns, with many cases linked to intimate contact within sexual networks. This shift in transmission underscores the importance of expanding vaccination coverage and adapting public health messaging to target affected communities effectively.
Despite these challenges, only 6.5% of affected individuals during the 2022 outbreak had received a prior orthopoxvirus vaccination. This low vaccination rate further emphasizes the need for broader immunization strategies and proactive public health measures.
The authors stress the importance of robust surveillance systems and rapid response strategies to control future outbreaks. Strengthening global collaboration for zoonotic disease monitoring and advancing research into next-generation vaccines are essential steps in improving infectious disease preparedness.
Reference: Kumar S et al. Comprehensive Insights into Monkeypox (mpox): Recent Advances in Epidemiology, Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Strategies. Pathogens. 2024;14(1):1.
Anaya Malik | AMJ
