AS WINTER settles in across the Northern Hemisphere, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is making headlines as one of the key respiratory pathogens driving a surge in acute respiratory infections (ARI). Typically circulating from winter through spring, hMPV is now a focal point in countries like China, where recent surveillance data shows an uptick in cases, especially in northern provinces.
While hMPV often causes mild upper respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold, some cases progress to more severe illnesses such as bronchitis or pneumonia, requiring hospitaliaation. In most instances, however, patients recover after a few days of rest. The latest data from China, as of December 2024, confirms that hMPV, along with seasonal influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, is contributing to increased ARI rates.
Despite concerns of overwhelmed hospitals, Chinese health authorities have reassured that the healthcare system remains manageable, with no emergency responses or declarations triggered. The situation aligns with typical seasonal patterns, and no unusual outbreak dynamics have been observed.
Globally, hMPV is circulating alongside other respiratory viruses, such as seasonal influenza, which is the most commonly detected pathogen in many regions. However, hMPV’s role in the current surge is drawing particular attention due to its potential to cause more severe outcomes in certain populations.
The World Health Organization (WHO) continues to monitor respiratory pathogens through global surveillance systems and provides updates as needed. With the ongoing winter surge, WHO is advising clinicians to remain alert, especially for high-risk populations, and to promote preventive measures like hand hygiene, masking, and staying home when symptomatic.
Clinicians should be aware of the rising hMPV trend and its potential to cause moderate to severe respiratory illness. Public health messages and vaccination remain critical tools to manage the spread of respiratory infections this winter season.
Ada Enesco, EMJ
Reference
World Health Organization. Disease Outbreak News; Trends of acute respiratory infection, including human metapneumovirus, in the Northern Hemisphere. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2025-DON550
