RECENT trends in melanoma incidence and mortality in Sweden reveal promising changes, particularly among younger age groups. While the global incidence of cutaneous melanoma has risen steadily over recent decades, some regions, such as Australia and the US, have seen declines in younger populations. In contrast, European countries have generally not reported similar decreases – until now. A study examining melanoma trends in Sweden from 1990–2022 has found a significant reduction in both melanoma incidence and mortality among individuals aged 30 to 49.
Using data from the Swedish Melanoma Registry and the Swedish Cancer Registry, the study analysed melanoma cases in individuals younger than 60. The results show a consistent rise in melanoma incidence among people aged 50–59, but a different pattern among younger age groups. In individuals aged 20–49, melanoma incidence peaked between 2013–2015 and has since stabilised or declined. Notably, the incidence of thicker melanomas also dropped after 2013 in the 40–49 age group. However, melanoma rates remained low and stable among individuals younger than 20.
This decrease in melanoma incidence coincides with a significant decline in mortality rates in the 30–59 age group, though mortality for those over 60 has not followed the same trend. The reasons behind these shifts are unclear, but they may be linked to public health campaigns promoting UV protection, demographic changes, and the introduction of more effective treatments for melanoma since 2011.
The study highlights the need for further investigation into the factors driving these changes, particularly the role of sun protection behaviours and possible influences of immigration and population demographics. These findings provide hope that increased awareness and prevention measures may continue to reduce melanoma incidence and mortality, especially in younger individuals.
Katie Wright, EMJ
Reference
Helgadottir H et al. Melanoma incidence and mortality trends in Sweden. JAMA Dermatol. 2024;DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.3514.
