Trace Elements and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jamaica
Trace elements are ubiquitous entities and a fair number of non-essential xenobiotics gain entry into the body via a multitude of ways, including through groundwater (arsenic, strontium, silicon), inhalation of silica dust (silicon), gasoline (lead), cigarette smoke, and soil (cadmium) and food contamination (arsenic, mercury).