Nephrology

Anaemia is a common and serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that can greatly impact the daily lives of patients. However…

A spectrum of various pathophysiological processes associated with a progressive worsening in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)…

Growing up, I didn’t have much exposure to medicine. There were no physicians, or even anyone in science, in my family, including…

I always enjoyed science and being part of a bigger community. Medicine combines these two aspects really well. I pursued nephrology…

Setting the scene, Bakris defined CKD as a reduction in kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), alongside the presence of albuminuria (≥30 mg/day) as an indication of kidney damage.

Metabolic acidosis is characterised by a primary decrease in the serum bicarbonate concentration, a secondary decrease in the arterial partial pressure of CO­2, and a reduction in blood pH. Metabolic acidosis, acute or chronic, may have deleterious effects on cellular function and cause increased morbidity and mortality.

Hypertension is a common complication in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), occurring in approximately 80–85% of patients. Blood…

Global immunisation against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the standard-of-care in preventing COVID-19…