Professor Massimo Filippi serves on the scientific advisory boards for Teva and Biogen Idec; has received compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Sanofi-Aventis, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; and has received research support from Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, Cure PSP, Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), and the Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation (Switzerland). Professor Maria Pia Sormani has received honoraria and speakers’ fees from Novartis, Biogen Idec, Genzyme (a Sanofi company), Roche, and Merck Serono. Professor Andrew Chan has received speakers’ honoraria, contributed to advisory boards, or received research support from Almirall, Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis Pharma, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, and Sanofi. Professor HansPeter Hartung declares the receipt of honoraria and consultation fees from Biogen Idec GmbH, GeNeuro, Opexa Therapeutics, Merck Serono, Teva, Genzyme (a Sanofi company), MedImmune, Hoffmann-LaRoche, Novartis, and Bayer.