The Association of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease - European Medical Journal

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The Association of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

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Nephrology
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Authors:
Batric Babovic,1 Natasa Belada Babovic,2 Milan Radovic,3,4 Aleksandra Kezic,3,4 Nikolina Basic Jukic,5 Vladimir Jovanovic,6 Vasilije Boskovic,1 Filip Tomovic,1 *Olgica Mihaljevic7

1. Clinic for Nephrology, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
2. Clinic for Cardiology, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
3. Clinic for Nephrology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
4. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
5. Department for Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, Dialysis, and Kidney Transplantation, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
6. Clinic for Pulmology, Clinical Center of Montenegro,Podgorica, Montenegro
7. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Kragujevac, Serbia
*Correspondence to [email protected]

Disclosure:

The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation:
EMJ Nephrol. ;:42-44.
Keywords:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure (HF), left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

Each article is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 License.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, especially in the dialysis population. In patients with CKD, heart function disturbances are twice as common as in the general population.1 Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD.2 Bearing in mind that left ventricular hypertrophy is considered to be one of the most important parameters for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in CKD,3 the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with HF in patients with CKD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The research was conducted as a prospective observational study, which included 30 patients with CKD, Stages III and IV according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging,4 and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The study also included 30 control subjects who had left ventricular diastolic dysfunction but without CKD. Pulse-wave (PW) Doppler echocardiography in the apical four-chamber view and tissue Doppler imaging were performed to assess left ventricular function.5 The measurements of mitral inflow by PW Doppler covered early (E-wave) and late (A-wave) diastolic feeling velocities, peak early diastolic velocity at the septal (e′septal) and lateral (e′lateral) mitral annular sites, and E/A ratio.

RESULTS

A comparison of left ventricular function parameters between two groups of study participants indicated that left ventricular ejection fraction (0.57±0.05% versus 0.61±0.03%) was statistically reduced in patients with CKD compared to control subjects (p<0.001). Contrary, left ventricular mass index (119.8±27.0 g/m2 versus 100.8±20.4 g/m2; p=0.003) was significantly higher in the patients with CKD (Figure 1A). There were no significant differences in values of left ventricular end-diastolic (53.7±4.6 mm versus 54.2±3.5 mm; p=0.636) and left ventricular end-systolic (34.7±4.5 mm versus 35.7±2.3 mm; p=0.265) dimension between patients with CKD and control subjects. The mitral inflow imaging pointed to more pronounced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with CKD than in the subjects without CKD; e′septal (p=0.009) and e′lateral (p<0.001) velocity (Figure 1B). E/A ratio showed no marked deviation between the two study groups (p=0.787). On the other hand, when the authors analysed the frequency of HF, it was noted that newly developed episodes of cardiac decompensation were more frequent in patients with CKD than in the control group (Χ2=6.667; p=0.010). Regression analysis confirmed the predictive significance of left ventricular echosonographic characteristics on the occurrence of HF in patients with CKD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–2.18; p=0.011) and for left ventricular mass index: (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.01–2.80; p=0.048 for e′).

Figure 1: A) Left ventricular mass index and B) left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with CKD and control subjects.

CONCLUSION

HF is more common in patients with CKD than in patients with normal kidney function. There is a positive relationship between the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and the occurrence of HF in patients with CKD. ●

References
Jankowski J et al. Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiological Insights and Therapeutic Options. Circulation 2021;143(11):1157-72. Go AS et al. Chronic Kidney Disease and the Risks of Death, Cardiovascular Events, and Hospitalization. New Engl J Med. 2004; 351:1296-305. Cho G-Y. Diastolic dysfunction and chronic kidney disease. Korean J Intern Med. 2013; 28: 22-4. Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2012;Suppl 3:19-62. Nagueh SF et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22(2):107-33.

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