BIOENGINEERS at the University of Toronto have developed biodegradable electrodes capable of safely stimulating neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the brain, offering a potential breakthrough in neurological repair therapies.
This research addresses a significant challenge in treating neurological disorders, which are a leading cause of disability worldwide. Neural precursor cells, rare cells with the ability to repair damaged brain tissue, represent a promising avenue for expanding limited treatment options. Existing stimulation methods, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, often lack precision and carry risks of tissue damage. The newly designed electrode provides targeted, temporary stimulation while eliminating the need for surgical removal, a key step in improving patient outcomes.
To create the electrode, the researchers combined biocompatible and biodegradable materials. The substrate and insulation layers were made from poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), a flexible material approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, known for its predictable degradation properties and minimal inflammatory effects. Molybdenum, chosen for its durability and slow dissolution, formed the electrode itself, ensuring structural integrity during the critical seven-day stimulation period.
Pre-clinical testing confirmed the electrode’s ability to safely and effectively stimulate NPCs, increasing their activity and numbers without causing significant inflammation or tissue damage. This precise, controlled stimulation represents a step forward in activating the brain’s natural repair mechanisms, a crucial development for treating conditions such as stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders.
The findings point to a promising future for biodegradable neural technologies. By enabling temporary stimulation without long-term surgical risks, these electrodes could redefine approaches to neural repair in clinical practice. The research team envisions expanding this technology by integrating drug and gene delivery capabilities, enhancing therapeutic options for patients. Future studies will focus on refining the design and exploring applications in broader neurological contexts, including multimodal treatments that improve functional outcomes. This innovative approach could reshape how clinicians address neurological disorders, offering hope for improved recovery and quality of life.
Katrina Thornber, EMJ
Reference
Chen T et al. Biodegradable stimulating electrodes for resident neural stem cell activation in vivo. Biomaterials. 2025;1(315):122957.
