Essential hypertension, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), kidney failure, and all-cause mortality, is largely reversible with lifestyle changes and highly efficacious medications. However, the prevalence of raised blood pressure (BP) is increasing globally. Considering its lack of symptoms, many people remain undiagnosed and unaware of the risks. In addition, a lack of perceived benefit makes adhering to pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions challenging for patients.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common and early complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with uncontrolled SHPT have high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels due to mineral metabolism disturbances of several biochemical parameters. These elevated PTH levels put patients at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and bone fractures. This infographic explores the current treatments available to treat mineral bone disease in CKD (CKD-MBD) and their failure to achieve balance across key disease parameters.

Spencer Gore, Founder of EMJ has been named as one of The LDC Top 50 Most Ambitious Business Leaders for 2022.

The parenchyma of the lungs can undergo fibrosis due to known aetiology such as radiation or drug induced fibrosis; occupational or connective tissue related interstitial lung disease; or it may have genetic basis or remain idiopathic, as in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.