RESPIRATORY syncytial virus (RSV) infections in young children cause significant strain on healthcare services, yet their burden in primary care remains underexplored. A new study across five European countries highlights the impact of RSV on clinical outcomes, healthcare utilisation, and family life.
Researchers conducted a prospective cohort study in Belgium, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, and the UK during the RSV seasons from 2020–2023. Children under 5 years of age presenting with acute respiratory symptoms at primary care clinics were tested for RSV, and those who tested positive were followed for 30 days. Data on symptoms, illness duration, complications, healthcare visits, medication use, and societal impact—such as school absences and parental work disruption—were collected through physician reports and parental questionnaires.
Out of 3,414 children tested, 1,124 (32.9%) were RSV-positive, with the highest rate (38.9%) among infants under 1 year. RSV illness lasted an average of 11.7 days, with persistent symptoms reported in 56.1% at Day 14 and 36.0% at Day 30. Healthcare visits varied across countries, ranging from 1.4 visits per child in the Netherlands to 3.0 in Spain, with infants requiring more visits than older children. Medication prescriptions also varied, with bronchodilators and antibiotics being most common. Italian children had the highest prescription rates (76.8%), while UK children had the lowest (26.0%). Parental work absence was reported in 45.7% of cases, with Belgian parents missing the most days on average (4.1 days).
These findings reveal RSV’s substantial burden in primary care, highlighting variations across countries likely influenced by differences in healthcare systems and medical practices. Incorporating country-specific data is crucial when considering RSV immunisation strategies to alleviate strain on families and healthcare providers.
Ada Enesco, EMJ
Reference
Hak SF et al; RSV ComNet Network. Burden of RSV infections among young children in primary care: a prospective cohort study in five European countries (2021-23). Lancet Respir Med. 2025; DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00367-9.
