NEW RESEARCH has shown that human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling kits provide a more accessible, comfortable, and empowering option for cervical cancer screening, particularly benefiting under-screened populations such as sex workers and those with a history of incarceration or sexual trauma.
A recent study examined the feasibility and acceptability of HPV self-sampling among individuals who have historically faced barriers to cervical cancer screening. Traditional Pap tests can be invasive and uncomfortable, often leading to avoidance of screening, particularly among those who have experienced stigma in healthcare settings. HPV self-sampling kits offer an alternative that allows individuals to conduct the test in private, at their convenience, and without the need for direct interaction with a healthcare provider. The study aimed to explore whether this method could improve screening rates and early detection of high-risk HPV, which is a leading cause of cervical cancer.
The study involved 84 participants aged 25 to 69 from the Greater Toronto Area, recruited through community peer associates. These participants included sex workers and formerly incarcerated individuals, many of whom had never or rarely undergone cervical cancer screening. After receiving educational materials, 88% of participants opted for HPV self-sampling, indicating strong acceptability. The findings revealed that one-third of those tested had high-risk strains of HPV, leading to referrals for follow-up Pap tests to assess cervical abnormalities. The ability to self-sample without fear of judgment was seen as a key advantage, though some participants required additional guidance on proper usage.
The study demonstrates the potential of HPV self-sampling to bridge gaps in cervical cancer screening, particularly among those who face stigma and structural barriers in healthcare. While challenges remain, such as mistrust of healthcare providers and concerns about test accuracy, these can be mitigated through clear instructional materials and the availability of healthcare support when needed. Integrating HPV self-sampling into routine screening programs could significantly increase early detection and treatment, ultimately reducing cervical cancer rates. Moving forward, public health initiatives should focus on raising awareness about HPV risks and promoting self-sampling as a viable option, particularly for underserved populations. By addressing systemic barriers and fostering inclusivity in screening programs, healthcare systems can ensure that more individuals have access to life-saving early detection and treatment.
Katrina Thornber, EMJ
Reference
Vahabi M et al. Breaking barriers: empowering cervical cancer screening with HPV self-sampling for sex workers and formerly incarcerated women in Toronto. Curr. Oncol. 2024;31(12):7994-8009.
