RECENT research has identified several modifiable risk factors linked to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor to multiple myeloma, by utilising advanced mass spectrometry (MS) techniques.
The research, part of the PROMISE trial, involved 2,628 individuals at elevated risk for multiple myeloma. Participants were screened for monoclonal proteins using MS, and the presence of these proteins at concentrations of ≥0.2 g/L was classified as MS-detected MGUS (MS-MGUS).
The study explored various lifestyle factors that might influence the development of MGUS. One of the most significant findings was the association between obesity and a higher risk of MS-MGUS. Compared to individuals with a normal BMI, those with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) were 73% more likely to develop MGUS, after adjusting for age, sex, race, education, and income (odds ratio [OR]: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.21–2.47; P=0.003).
On the other hand, high levels of physical activity appeared to offer a protective effect. Participants with high physical activity levels (≥73.5 metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week) were 55% less likely to have MS-MGUS compared to those with low activity levels (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.24–0.80; P=0.009).
The study also found that heavy smoking and insufficient sleep were associated with a significantly increased risk of MS-MGUS. Heavy smokers had over twice the risk (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.24–3.74; P=0.005), and those sleeping less than 6 hours per night also had double the risk compared to those with adequate sleep (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.26–3.42; P=0.003).
Overall, the findings suggest that MGUS and related monoclonal gammopathies may be influenced by a broader range of lifestyle factors than previously identified, highlighting opportunities for targeted prevention and screening strategies.
Ada Enesco, EMJ
Reference
Lee DJ et al. Mass spectrometry-detected MGUS is associated with obesity and other novel modifiable risk factors in a high-risk population. Blood Adv. 2024;8(7):1737-1746.
