A Very Rare Entity of Benign Prostatic Inflammation: Xanthogranulomatous Prostatitis

Prostatitis is a commonly seen clinical entity in daily urological practice. Xanthogranulomatous type prostatic inflammation is a highly rare clinical entity that can resemble prostatic adenocarcinoma in clinical studies and digital rectal examination (DRE). Definitive diagnosis is only possible with histopathological examination of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsies or surgical specimens. In this case report we describe a 57-year-old male patient who was consulted with our department for an incidentally detected contrast enhanced prostatic lesion on abdomino-pelvic computerised tomography (CT) scan performed for the investigation of acute abdominal pain at the accident and emergency department. DRE revealed a very stiff and nodular enlargement of the right prostate lobe, suggesting prostate cancer. No additional intra-abdominal pathologic lesion was detected on the CT scan. His abdominal pain resolved with conservative management and the patient was discharged thereafter. Following his admission to our outpatient clinics in the following weeks, his serum prostate-specific antigen level was measured as 0.88 ng/mL. TRUS-guided needle biopsies of the prostate were performed, which revealed xanthogranulomatous prostatitis.